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Table of Contents

November 17, 2020; vol. 117 no. 46

This Week in PNAS

This week's research highlights
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    In This Issue
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28535-28537; https://doi.org/10.1073/iti4620117
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Opinion

Leading scientists discuss current issues
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    Opinion: For now, it’s unethical to use human challenge studies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development
    • Front Matter
    Jeffrey P. Kahn, Leslie Meltzer Henry, Anna C. Mastroianni, Wilbur H. Chen, and Ruth Macklin
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28538-28542; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021189117
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Profile

The life and work of NAS members
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    Profile of Masayori Inouye
    Jennifer Viegas
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28543-28545; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021565117
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    • Evolution of the genetic code; Evidence from serine codon use disparity in Escherichia coli
      - Nov 09, 2020
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Commentaries

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    A breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of coral heat tolerance
    Madeleine J. H. van Oppen and John G. Oakeshott
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28546-28548; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020201117
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    • Reduced thermal tolerance in a coral carrying CRISPR-induced mutations in the gene for a heat-shock transcription factor
      - Nov 09, 2020
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    Predicting an epidemic trajectory is difficult
    • Video
    Claus O. Wilke and Carl T. Bergstrom
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28549-28551; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020200117
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    • The turning point and end of an expanding epidemic cannot be precisely forecast
      - Oct 01, 2020
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    Neural polarization and routes to depolarization
    Samantha L. Moore-Berg, Jacob M. Parelman, Yphtach Lelkes, and Emily B. Falk
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28552-28554; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020107117
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    • Conservative and liberal attitudes drive polarized neural responses to political content
      - Oct 20, 2020
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Perspective

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    Overkill, glacial history, and the extinction of North America’s Ice Age megafauna
    David J. Meltzer
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28555-28563; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015032117
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Letters

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    Too early to declare a general law of social mobility and heritability for education
    Damien Morris
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28564-28565; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011334117
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    Reply to Morris: Heritability of education remains associated with social mobility
    Per Engzell and Felix C. Tropf
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28566-28567; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017308117
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    • Heritability of education rises with intergenerational mobility
      - Dec 02, 2019
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    Locomotor and taxonomic diversity of Sterkfontein hominins not supported by current trabecular evidence of the femoral head
    Martin Haeusler, Nicole M. Webb, Viktoria A. Krenn, and Cinzia Fornai
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28568-28569; first published October 20, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014033117
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    Reply to Haeusler et al.: Internal structure of the femur provides robust evidence for locomotor and taxonomic diversity at Sterkfontein
    Matthew M. Skinner, Leoni Georgiou, Dominic Stratford, Christopher J. Dunmore, Ameline Bardo, Laura T. Buck, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Dieter H. Pahr, Alexander Synek, and Tracy L. Kivell
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28570-28571; first published October 20, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016647117
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    • Evidence for habitual climbing in a Pleistocene hominin in South Africa
      - Mar 30, 2020
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Brief Reports

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    Human Argonaute2 and Argonaute3 are catalytically activated by different lengths of guide RNA
    Mi Seul Park, GeunYoung Sim, Audrey C. Kehling, and Kotaro Nakanishi
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28576-28578; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015026117
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    Optogenetic regulation of embryo implantation in mice using photoactivatable CRISPR-Cas9
    Tomoka Takao, Moritoshi Sato, and Tetsuo Maruyama
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28579-28581; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016850117
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Physical Sciences

  • Applied Mathematics

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      Narrative structure of A Song of Ice and Fire creates a fictional world with realistic measures of social complexity
      Thomas Gessey-Jones, Colm Connaughton, Robin Dunbar, Ralph Kenna, Pádraig MacCarron, Cathal O’Conchobhair, and Joseph Yose
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28582-28588; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006465117
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  • Applied Physical Sciences

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      Interface and surface stabilization of the polarization in ferroelectric thin films
      Chiara Gattinoni, Nives Strkalj, Rea Härdi, Manfred Fiebig, Morgan Trassin, and Nicola A. Spaldin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28589-28595; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007736117
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      Unraveling intrinsic correlation effects with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
      Jianqiang Sky Zhou, Lucia Reining, Alessandro Nicolaou, Azzedine Bendounan, Kari Ruotsalainen, Marco Vanzini, J. J. Kas, J. J. Rehr, Matthias Muntwiler, Vladimir N. Strocov, Fausto Sirotti, and Matteo Gatti
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28596-28602; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012625117
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      Role of inner solvation sheath within salt–solvent complexes in tailoring electrode/electrolyte interphases for lithium metal batteries
      Xiaodi Ren, Peiyuan Gao, Lianfeng Zou, Shuhong Jiao, Xia Cao, Xianhui Zhang, Hao Jia, Mark H. Engelhard, Bethany E. Matthews, Haiping Wu, Hongkyung Lee, Chaojiang Niu, Chongmin Wang, Bruce W. Arey, Jie Xiao, Jun Liu, Ji-Guang Zhang, and Wu Xu
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28603-28613; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010852117
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  • Biophysics and Computational Biology

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      Protein crowding mediates membrane remodeling in upstream ESCRT-induced formation of intraluminal vesicles
      Susanne Liese, Eva Maria Wenzel, Ingrid Kjos, Rossana Rojas Molina, Sebastian W. Schultz, Andreas Brech, Harald Stenmark, Camilla Raiborg, and Andreas Carlson
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28614-28624; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014228117
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      Hedgehog pathway activation through nanobody-mediated conformational blockade of the Patched sterol conduit
      Yunxiao Zhang, Wan-Jin Lu, David P. Bulkley, Jiahao Liang, Arthur Ralko, Shuo Han, Kelsey J. Roberts, Anping Li, Wonhwa Cho, Yifan Cheng, Aashish Manglik, and Philip A. Beachy
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28838-28846; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011560117
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      Evidence for aggregation-independent, PrPC-mediated Aβ cellular internalization
      Alejandro R. Foley, Graham P. Roseman, Ka Chan, Amanda Smart, Thomas S. Finn, Kevin Yang, R. Scott Lokey, Glenn L. Millhauser, and Jevgenij A. Raskatov
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28625-28631; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009238117
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      In situ imaging of two-dimensional surface growth reveals the prevalence and role of defects in zeolite crystallization
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      Madhuresh K. Choudhary, Rishabh Jain, and Jeffrey D. Rimer
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28632-28639; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011806117
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  • Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences

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      Outdoor air pollution in India is not only an urban problem
      A. R. Ravishankara, Liji M. David, Jeffrey R. Pierce, and Chandra Venkataraman
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28640-28644; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007236117
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      Greigite (Fe3S4) is thermodynamically stable: Implications for its terrestrial and planetary occurrence
      Tamilarasan Subramani, Kristina Lilova, Mykola Abramchuk, Kurt D. Leinenweber, and Alexandra Navrotsky
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28645-28648; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017312117
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      Lagged atmospheric circulation response in the Black Sea region to Greenland Interstadial 10
      Markus Czymzik, Norbert R. Nowaczyk, Olaf Dellwig, Antje Wegwerth, Raimund Muscheler, Marcus Christl, and Helge W. Arz
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28649-28654; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005520117
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      Early life of Neanderthals
      Alessia Nava, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Federica Badino, David Evans, Angela H. Helbling, Gregorio Oxilia, Simona Arrighi, Eugenio Bortolini, Davide Delpiano, Rossella Duches, Carla Figus, Alessandra Livraghi, Giulia Marciani, Sara Silvestrini, Anna Cipriani, Tommaso Giovanardi, Roberta Pini, Claudio Tuniz, Federico Bernardini, Irene Dori, Alfredo Coppa, Emanuela Cristiani, Christopher Dean, Luca Bondioli, Marco Peresani, Wolfgang Müller, and Stefano Benazzi
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28719-28726; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011765117
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  • Engineering

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      Mechanically superior matrices promote osteointegration and regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament tissue in rabbits
      Paulos Y. Mengsteab, Takayoshi Otsuka, Aneesah McClinton, Nikoo Saveh Shemshaki, Shiv Shah, Ho-Man Kan, Elifho Obopilwe, Anthony T. Vella, Lakshmi S. Nair, and Cato T. Laurencin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28655-28666; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012347117
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      In situ sprayed NIR-responsive, analgesic black phosphorus-based gel for diabetic ulcer treatment
      Jiang Ouyang, Xiaoyuan Ji, Xingcai Zhang, Chan Feng, Zhongmin Tang, Na Kong, Angel Xie, Junqing Wang, Xinbing Sui, Liu Deng, Younian Liu, Jong Seung Kim, Yihai Cao, and Wei Tao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28667-28677; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016268117
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      Mechanical injuries of neurons induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and tau-dependent synaptic dysfunction
      Nicholas J. Braun, Katherine R. Yao, Patrick W. Alford, and Dezhi Liao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29069-29079; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008306117
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Social Sciences

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    • Open Access
      Narrative structure of A Song of Ice and Fire creates a fictional world with realistic measures of social complexity
      Thomas Gessey-Jones, Colm Connaughton, Robin Dunbar, Ralph Kenna, Pádraig MacCarron, Cathal O’Conchobhair, and Joseph Yose
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28582-28588; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006465117
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      Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality
      Jörg Gross and Robert Böhm
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29202-29211; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013744117
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  • Environmental Sciences

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      Outdoor air pollution in India is not only an urban problem
      A. R. Ravishankara, Liji M. David, Jeffrey R. Pierce, and Chandra Venkataraman
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28640-28644; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007236117
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      Exposure to news grows less fragmented with an increase in mobile access
      Tian Yang, Sílvia Majó-Vázquez, Rasmus K. Nielsen, and Sandra González-Bailón
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28678-28683; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006089117
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  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences

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      The rise of prosociality in fiction preceded democratic revolutions in Early Modern Europe
      Mauricio de Jesus Dias Martins and Nicolas Baumard
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28684-28691; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009571117
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      Government effectiveness and institutions as determinants of tropical cyclone mortality
      Elizabeth Tennant and Elisabeth A. Gilmore
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28692-28699; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006213117
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      Geographies of insecure water access and the housing–water nexus in US cities
      Katie Meehan, Jason R. Jurjevich, Nicholas M. J. W. Chun, and Justin Sherrill
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28700-28707; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007361117
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Biological Sciences

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      Copy number variation of TdDof controls solid-stemmed architecture in wheat
      Kirby T. Nilsen, Sean Walkowiak, Daoquan Xiang, Peng Gao, Teagen D. Quilichini, Ian R. Willick, Brook Byrns, Amidou N’Diaye, Jennifer Ens, Krystalee Wiebe, Yuefeng Ruan, Richard D. Cuthbert, Melanie Craze, Emma J. Wallington, James Simmonds, Cristobal Uauy, Raju Datla, and Curtis J. Pozniak
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28708-28718; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009418117
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      Early life of Neanderthals
      Alessia Nava, Federico Lugli, Matteo Romandini, Federica Badino, David Evans, Angela H. Helbling, Gregorio Oxilia, Simona Arrighi, Eugenio Bortolini, Davide Delpiano, Rossella Duches, Carla Figus, Alessandra Livraghi, Giulia Marciani, Sara Silvestrini, Anna Cipriani, Tommaso Giovanardi, Roberta Pini, Claudio Tuniz, Federico Bernardini, Irene Dori, Alfredo Coppa, Emanuela Cristiani, Christopher Dean, Luca Bondioli, Marco Peresani, Wolfgang Müller, and Stefano Benazzi
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28719-28726; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011765117
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      Mechanically superior matrices promote osteointegration and regeneration of anterior cruciate ligament tissue in rabbits
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      Paulos Y. Mengsteab, Takayoshi Otsuka, Aneesah McClinton, Nikoo Saveh Shemshaki, Shiv Shah, Ho-Man Kan, Elifho Obopilwe, Anthony T. Vella, Lakshmi S. Nair, and Cato T. Laurencin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28655-28666; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012347117
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      In situ sprayed NIR-responsive, analgesic black phosphorus-based gel for diabetic ulcer treatment
      Jiang Ouyang, Xiaoyuan Ji, Xingcai Zhang, Chan Feng, Zhongmin Tang, Na Kong, Angel Xie, Junqing Wang, Xinbing Sui, Liu Deng, Younian Liu, Jong Seung Kim, Yihai Cao, and Wei Tao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28667-28677; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016268117
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      Evidence for aggregation-independent, PrPC-mediated Aβ cellular internalization
      Alejandro R. Foley, Graham P. Roseman, Ka Chan, Amanda Smart, Thomas S. Finn, Kevin Yang, R. Scott Lokey, Glenn L. Millhauser, and Jevgenij A. Raskatov
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28625-28631; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009238117
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      Redox-mediated regulation of an evolutionarily conserved cross-β structure formed by the TDP43 low complexity domain
      Yi Lin, Xiaoming Zhou, Masato Kato, Daifei Liu, Sina Ghaemmaghami, Benjamin P. Tu, and Steven L. McKnight
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28727-28734; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012216117
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      Chlorovirus PBCV-1 protein A064R has three of the transferase activities necessary to synthesize its capsid protein N-linked glycans
      Immacolata Speciale, Maria Elena Laugieri, Eric Noel, Sicheng Lin, Todd L. Lowary, Antonio Molinaro, Garry A. Duncan, Irina V. Agarkova, Domenico Garozzo, Michela G. Tonetti, James L. Van Etten, and Cristina De Castro
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28735-28742; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016626117
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      Spatial and temporal diversity of glycome expression in mammalian brain
      Jua Lee, Seungshin Ha, Minsoo Kim, Seong-Wook Kim, Jaekyung Yun, Sureyya Ozcan, Heeyoun Hwang, In Jung Ji, Dongtan Yin, Maree J. Webster, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Jae-Han Kim, Jong Shin Yoo, Rudolf Grimm, Sabine Bahn, Hee-Sup Shin, and Hyun Joo An
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28743-28753; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014207117
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      The MscS-like channel YnaI has a gating mechanism based on flexible pore helices
      Vanessa Judith Flegler, Akiko Rasmussen, Shanlin Rao, Na Wu, Renato Zenobi, Mark S. P. Sansom, Rainer Hedrich, Tim Rasmussen, and Bettina Böttcher
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28754-28762; first published November 4, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005641117
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      Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi
      Nicholas A. Kalogriopoulos, Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez, Changsheng Lin, Tony Ngo, Krishna K. Midde, Suchismita Roy, Nicolas Aznar, Fiona Murray, Mikel Garcia-Marcos, Irina Kufareva, Majid Ghassemian, and Pradipta Ghosh
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28763-28774; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004699117
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      Exposing the distinctive modular behavior of β-strands and α-helices in folded proteins
      Huabing Wang, Derek T. Logan, Jens Danielsson, and Mikael Oliveberg
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28775-28783; first published November 4, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920455117
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      Dissecting heterogeneous cell populations across drug and disease conditions with PopAlign
      Sisi Chen, Paul Rivaud, Jong H. Park, Tiffany Tsou, Emeric Charles, John R. Haliburton, Flavia Pichiorri, and Matt Thomson
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28784-28794; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005990117
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      Comparative roles of charge, π, and hydrophobic interactions in sequence-dependent phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins
      Suman Das, Yi-Hsuan Lin, Robert M. Vernon, Julie D. Forman-Kay, and Hue Sun Chan
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28795-28805; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008122117
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      Protein crowding mediates membrane remodeling in upstream ESCRT-induced formation of intraluminal vesicles
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      Susanne Liese, Eva Maria Wenzel, Ingrid Kjos, Rossana Rojas Molina, Sebastian W. Schultz, Andreas Brech, Harald Stenmark, Camilla Raiborg, and Andreas Carlson
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28614-28624; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014228117
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      Akt3 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage by activating the NADPH oxidase via phosphorylation of p47phox
      Christos Polytarchou, Maria Hatziapostolou, Tung On Yau, Niki Christodoulou, Philip W. Hinds, Filippos Kottakis, Ioannis Sanidas, and Philip N. Tsichlis
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28806-28815; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017830117
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      Daily mitochondrial dynamics in cone photoreceptors
      • Video
      Michelle M. Giarmarco, Daniel C. Brock, Brian M. Robbings, Whitney M. Cleghorn, Kristine A. Tsantilas, Kellie C. Kuch, William Ge, Kaitlyn M. Rutter, Edward D. Parker, James B. Hurley, and Susan E. Brockerhoff
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28816-28827; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007827117
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      β-Catenin signaling dynamics regulate cell fate in differentiating neural stem cells
      Alyssa B. Rosenbloom, Marcin Tarczyński, Nora Lam, Ravi S. Kane, Lukasz J. Bugaj, and David V. Schaffer
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28828-28837; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008509117
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  • Developmental Biology

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      Hedgehog pathway activation through nanobody-mediated conformational blockade of the Patched sterol conduit
      Yunxiao Zhang, Wan-Jin Lu, David P. Bulkley, Jiahao Liang, Arthur Ralko, Shuo Han, Kelsey J. Roberts, Anping Li, Wonhwa Cho, Yifan Cheng, Aashish Manglik, and Philip A. Beachy
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28838-28846; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011560117
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      CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities
      Shun Yan, Rassarin Thienthanasit, Dongquan Chen, Erik Engelen, Joanna Brühl, David K. Crossman, Robert Kesterson, Qin Wang, Karim Bouazoune, and Kai Jiao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28847-28858; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005222117
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  • Ecology

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      Virulence mismatches in index hosts shape the outcomes of cross-species transmission
      • From the Cover
      Nardus Mollentze, Daniel G. Streicker, Pablo R. Murcia, Katie Hampson, and Roman Biek
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28859-28866; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006778117

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      • The first step in the success or failure of emerging pathogens
        - Nov 13, 2020
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  • Evolution

    • Open Access
      The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling
      • From the Cover
      Fabien L. Condamine, Daniele Silvestro, Eva B. Koppelhus, and Alexandre Antonelli
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28867-28875; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005571117

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      • Angiosperms versus gymnosperms in the Cretaceous
        - Nov 13, 2020
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      Distance metrics for ranked evolutionary trees
      Jaehee Kim, Noah A. Rosenberg, and Julia A. Palacios
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28876-28886; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922851117
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      Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits
      Micah G. Freedman, Hugh Dingle, Sharon Y. Strauss, and Santiago R. Ramírez
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28887-28893; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001283117
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      The evolution of altruism and the serial rediscovery of the role of relatedness
      Tomas Kay, Laurent Keller, and Laurent Lehmann
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28894-28898; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013596117
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  • Genetics

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      Evolution of the genetic code; Evidence from serine codon use disparity in Escherichia coli
      • Inaugural Article
      Masayori Inouye, Risa Takino, Yojiro Ishida, and Keiko Inouye
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28572-28575; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014567117
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      • Profile of Masayori Inouye
        - Nov 09, 2020
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      Reduced thermal tolerance in a coral carrying CRISPR-induced mutations in the gene for a heat-shock transcription factor
      • From the Cover
      Phillip A. Cleves, Amanda I. Tinoco, Jacob Bradford, Dimitri Perrin, Line K. Bay, and John R. Pringle
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28899-28905; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920779117
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      • A breakthrough in understanding the molecular basis of coral heat tolerance
        - Nov 09, 2020
      • Insights into coral bleaching under heat stress from analysis of gene expression in a sea anemone model system
        - Nov 09, 2020
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      Insights into coral bleaching under heat stress from analysis of gene expression in a sea anemone model system
      • From the Cover
      Phillip A. Cleves, Cory J. Krediet, Erik M. Lehnert, Masayuki Onishi, and John R. Pringle
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28906-28917; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015737117
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      • Reduced thermal tolerance in a coral carrying CRISPR-induced mutations in the gene for a heat-shock transcription factor
        - Nov 09, 2020
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      REV1 inhibitor JH-RE-06 enhances tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks
      Nimrat Chatterjee, Matthew A. Whitman, Cynthia A. Harris, Sophia M. Min, Oliver Jonas, Evan C. Lien, Alba Luengo, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Jiyong Hong, Pei Zhou, Michael T. Hemann, and Graham C. Walker
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28918-28921; first published November 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016064117
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      • Rev7 loss alters cisplatin response and increases drug efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant lung cancer
        - Nov 03, 2020
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      Rev7 loss alters cisplatin response and increases drug efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant lung cancer
      Faye-Marie Vassel, Ke Bian, Graham C. Walker, and Michael T. Hemann
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28922-28924; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016067117
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      • REV1 inhibitor JH-RE-06 enhances tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks
        - Nov 09, 2020
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      Pheno-RNA, a method to associate genes with a specific phenotype, identifies genes linked to cellular transformation
      Rabih Darwiche and Kevin Struhl
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28925-28929; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014165117
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    • Open Access
      A missense variant in SLC39A8 confers risk for Crohn’s disease by disrupting manganese homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity
      Toru Nakata, Elizabeth A. Creasey, Motohiko Kadoki, Helen Lin, Martin K. Selig, Junmei Yao, Ariel Lefkovith, Mark J. Daly, Daniel B. Graham, and Ramnik J. Xavier
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28930-28938; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014742117
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  • Immunology and Inflammation

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      Complementary regulation of caspase-1 and IL-1β reveals additional mechanisms of dampened inflammation in bats
      Geraldine Goh, Matae Ahn, Feng Zhu, Lim Beng Lee, Dahai Luo, Aaron T. Irving, and Lin-Fa Wang
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28939-28949; first published October 26, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003352117
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      A biomimetic five-module chimeric antigen receptor (5MCAR) designed to target and eliminate antigen-specific T cells
      Shio Kobayashi, Martin A. Thelin, Heather L. Parrish, Neha R. Deshpande, Mark S. Lee, Alborz Karimzadeh, Monika A. Niewczas, Thomas Serwold, and Michael S. Kuhns
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28950-28959; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012495117
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  • Medical Sciences

    • Open Access
      CXCR4 inhibition in human pancreatic and colorectal cancers induces an integrated immune response
      Daniele Biasci, Martin Smoragiewicz, Claire M. Connell, Zhikai Wang, Ya Gao, James E. D. Thaventhiran, Bristi Basu, Lukasz Magiera, T. Isaac Johnson, Lisa Bax, Aarthi Gopinathan, Christopher Isherwood, Ferdia A. Gallagher, Maria Pawula, Irena Hudecova, Davina Gale, Nitzan Rosenfeld, Petros Barmpounakis, Elizabeta Cristina Popa, Rebecca Brais, Edmund Godfrey, Fraz Mir, Frances M. Richards, Douglas T. Fearon, Tobias Janowitz, and Duncan I. Jodrell
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28960-28970; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013644117
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      First-in-class humanized FSH blocking antibody targets bone and fat
      Sakshi Gera, Damini Sant, Shozeb Haider, Funda Korkmaz, Tan-Chun Kuo, Mehr Mathew, Helena Perez-Pena, Honglin Xie, Hao Chen, Rogerio Batista, Kejun Ma, Zhen Cheng, Elina Hadelia, Cemre Robinson, Anne Macdonald, Sari Miyashita, Anthony Williams, Gregory Jebian, Hirotaka Miyashita, Anisa Gumerova, Kseniia Ievleva, Pinar Smith, Jiahuan He, Vitaly Ryu, Victoria DeMambro, Matthew A. Quinn, Marcia Meseck, Se-Min Kim, T. Rajendra Kumar, Jameel Iqbal, Maria I. New, Daria Lizneva, Clifford J. Rosen, Aaron J. Hsueh, Tony Yuen, and Mone Zaidi
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28971-28979; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014588117
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      Essential role of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex and TAK1 kinase in A20 mutant Hodgkin lymphoma
      Zhihui Song, Wei Wei, Wenming Xiao, Essel D. Al-Saleem, Reza Nejati, Liqi Chen, Jiejing Yin, Joseph Fabrizio, Michael N. Petrus, Thomas A. Waldmann, and Yibin Yang
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28980-28991; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014470117
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    • Open Access
      Antibody-mediated activation of the FGFR1/Klothoβ complex corrects metabolic dysfunction and alters food preference in obese humans
      Amos Baruch, Chin Wong, Leslie W. Chinn, Anjali Vaze, Junichiro Sonoda, Thomas Gelzleichter, Shan Chen, Nicholas Lewin-Koh, Linda Morrow, Suresh Dheerendra, Richard Boismenu, Johnny Gutierrez, Eric Wakshull, Maria E. Wilson, and Puneet S. Arora
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 28992-29000; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012073117
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      TAZ/Wnt-β-catenin/c-MYC axis regulates cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease
      Eun Ji Lee, Eunjeong Seo, Jin Won Kim, Sun Ah Nam, Jong Young Lee, Jaehee Jun, Sumin Oh, Minah Park, Eek-hoon Jho, Kyung Hyun Yoo, Jong Hoon Park, and Yong Kyun Kim
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29001-29012; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009334117
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      Systematic integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation in diabetic kidney disease
      Xin Sheng, Chengxiang Qiu, Hongbo Liu, Caroline Gluck, Jesse Y. Hsu, Jiang He, Chi-yuan Hsu, Daohang Sha, Matthew R. Weir, Tamara Isakova, Dominic Raj, Hernan Rincon-Choles, Harold I. Feldman, Raymond Townsend, Hongzhe Li, and Katalin Susztak
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29013-29024; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005905117
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      Curtailing FGF19’s mitogenicity by suppressing its receptor dimerization ability
      Jianlou Niu, Jing Zhao, Jiamin Wu, Guanting Qiao, Junlian Gu, Chuanren Zhou, Qi Li, Lei Ying, Dezhong Wang, Huan Lin, Xiaokun Li, Moosa Mohammadi, and Zhifeng Huang
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29025-29034; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010984117
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  • Microbiology

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      The NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling pathway in antibody-mediated suppression of Sindbis virus replication in neurons
      Jane X. Yeh, Kimberly L. W. Schultz, Valerie Calvert, Emanuel F. Petricoin, and Diane E. Griffin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29035-29045; first published November 3, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016691117
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      Vibrio cholerae adapts to sessile and motile lifestyles by cyclic di-GMP regulation of cell shape
      • From the Cover
      Nicolas L. Fernandez, Brian Y. Hsueh, Nguyen T. Q. Nhu, Joshua L. Franklin, Yann S. Dufour, and Christopher M. Waters
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29046-29054; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010199117
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      • Straightening up for life in a biofilm
        - Nov 17, 2020
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      CEACAMs serve as toxin-stimulated receptors for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
      Alaullah Sheikh, Brunda Tumala, Tim J. Vickers, David Alvarado, Matthew A. Ciorba, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Firdausi Qadri, Bernhard B. Singer, and James M. Fleckenstein
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29055-29062; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012480117
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      The role of “spillover” in antibiotic resistance
      Scott W. Olesen, Marc Lipsitch, and Yonatan H. Grad
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29063-29068; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013694117
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  • Neuroscience

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      Mechanical injuries of neurons induce tau mislocalization to dendritic spines and tau-dependent synaptic dysfunction
      Nicholas J. Braun, Katherine R. Yao, Patrick W. Alford, and Dezhi Liao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29069-29079; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008306117
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      Differential attentional control mechanisms by two distinct noradrenergic coeruleo-frontal cortical pathways
      • Video
      Andrea Bari, Sangyu Xu, Michele Pignatelli, Daigo Takeuchi, Jiesi Feng, Yulong Li, and Susumu Tonegawa
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29080-29089; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015635117
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      The structural basis for an on–off switch controlling Gβγ-mediated inhibition of TRPM3 channels
      Marc Behrendt, Fabian Gruss, Raissa Enzeroth, Sandeep Dembla, Siyuan Zhao, Pierre-Antoine Crassous, Florian Mohr, Mieke Nys, Nikolaos Louros, Rodrigo Gallardo, Valentina Zorzini, Doris Wagner, Anastassios Economou, Frederic Rousseau, Joost Schymkowitz, Stephan E. Philipp, Tibor Rohacs, Chris Ulens, and Johannes Oberwinkler
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29090-29100; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001177117
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      Loss of TDP-43 in astrocytes leads to motor deficits by triggering A1-like reactive phenotype and triglial dysfunction
      Audrey Yi Tyan Peng, Ira Agrawal, Wan Yun Ho, Yi-Chun Yen, Ashley J. Pinter, Jerry Liu, Qi Xuan Cheryl Phua, Katrianne Bethia Koh, Jer-Cherng Chang, Emma Sanford, Jodie Hon Kiu Man, Peiyan Wong, David H. Gutmann, Greg Tucker-Kellogg, and Shuo-Chien Ling
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29101-29112; first published October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007806117
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      An evolutionarily acquired microRNA shapes development of mammalian cortical projections
      Jessica L. Diaz, Verl B. Siththanandan, Victoria Lu, Nicole Gonzalez-Nava, Lincoln Pasquina, Jessica L. MacDonald, Mollie B. Woodworth, Abdulkadir Ozkan, Ramesh Nair, Zihuai He, Vibhu Sahni, Peter Sarnow, Theo D. Palmer, Jeffrey D. Macklis, and Suzanne Tharin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29113-29122; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006700117
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      Neural control of rapid binocular eye movements: Saccade-vergence burst neurons
      Julie Quinet, Kevin Schultz, Paul J. May, and Paul D. Gamlin
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29123-29132; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015318117
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      The inhibition of LSD1 via sequestration contributes to tau-mediated neurodegeneration
      • Video
      Amanda K. Engstrom, Alicia C. Walker, Rohitha A. Moudgal, Dexter A. Myrick, Stephanie M. Kyle, Yu Bai, M. Jordan Rowley, and David J. Katz
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29133-29143; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013552117
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  • Pharmacology

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      Advanced fluorescence microscopy reveals disruption of dynamic CXCR4 dimerization by subpocket-specific inverse agonists
      Ali Işbilir, Jan Möller, Marta Arimont, Vladimir Bobkov, Cristina Perpiñá-Viciano, Carsten Hoffmann, Asuka Inoue, Raimond Heukers, Chris de Graaf, Martine J. Smit, Paolo Annibale, and Martin J. Lohse
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29144-29154; first published November 4, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013319117
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  • Physiology

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      LRRC8 family proteins within lysosomes regulate cellular osmoregulation and enhance cell survival to multiple physiological stresses
      Ping Li, Meiqin Hu, Ce Wang, Xinghua Feng, ZhuangZhuang Zhao, Ying Yang, Nirakar Sahoo, Mingxue Gu, Yexin Yang, Shiyu Xiao, Rajan Sah, Timothy L. Cover, Janet Chou, Raif Geha, Fernando Benavides, Richard I. Hume, and Haoxing Xu
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29155-29165; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016539117
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  • Plant Biology

    • Open Access
      High-order mutants reveal an essential requirement for peroxidases but not laccases in Casparian strip lignification
      Nelson Rojas-Murcia, Kian Hématy, Yuree Lee, Aurélia Emonet, Robertas Ursache, Satoshi Fujita, Damien De Bellis, and Niko Geldner
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29166-29177; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012728117
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      TREE1-EIN3–mediated transcriptional repression inhibits shoot growth in response to ethylene
      Likai Wang, Eun Esther Ko, Jaclyn Tran, and Hong Qiao
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29178-29189; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018735117
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  • Population Biology

    • Open Access
      Nipah virus dynamics in bats and implications for spillover to humans
      • From the Cover
      Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon J. Anthony, Ariful Islam, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Maria D. Balkey, Noam Ross, Ina Smith, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, Yun Tao, Ausraful Islam, Phenix Lan Quan, Kevin J. Olival, M. Salah Uddin Khan, Emily S. Gurley, M. Jahangir Hossein, Hume E. Field, Mark D. Fielder, Thomas Briese, Mahmudur Rahman, Christopher C. Broder, Gary Crameri, Lin-Fa Wang, Stephen P. Luby, W. Ian Lipkin, and Peter Daszak
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29190-29201; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000429117
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  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences

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      Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality
      Jörg Gross and Robert Böhm
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29202-29211; first published October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013744117
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      Self-organization of cortical areas in the development and evolution of neocortex
      Nabil Imam and Barbara L. Finlay
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29212-29220; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011724117
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      Adversarial vulnerabilities of human decision-making
      Amir Dezfouli, Richard Nock, and Peter Dayan
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29221-29228; first published November 4, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016921117
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      Echolocating bats accumulate information from acoustic snapshots to predict auditory object motion
      Angeles Salles, Clarice Anna Diebold, and Cynthia F. Moss
      PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29229-29238; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011719117
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Corrections

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    Correction for Meng et al., Noncovalent π-stacked robust topological organic framework
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29239; first published October 26, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020871117
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    Correction for Stein et al., Timing and magnitude of Southern Ocean sea ice/carbon cycle feedbacks
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29240; first published October 26, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020171117
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    Correction for Monson et al., Neutral evolution of human enamel–dentine junction morphology
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29241; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021545117
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    Correction for le Roux et al., Animal body size distribution influences the ratios of nutrients supplied to plants
    PNAS November 17, 2020 117 (46) 29242; first published November 2, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020851117
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 117 (46)
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